Substituted Cyclic Urea Derivatives

ABSTRACT

Certain novel phenyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives have unexpected insecticidal activity. These compounds are represented by formula I: where A, B a, D, b, E, G, c, d, J, X and R through R 10 , inclusively, are fully described herein. In addition, compositions comprising an insecticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, and optionally, an effective amount of at least one of a second compound, with at least one insecticidally compatible carrier are also disclosed; along with methods of controlling insects comprising applying said compositions to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/572,196, filed May 18, 2004.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to novel compounds, processes and intermediates useful in preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds in controlling insects and acarids. In particular, it pertains to phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, compositions of these insecticides and acaricides, and methods for their use in controlling insects and acarids.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A longstanding worldwide demand exists for new, effective, less costly, and safe means to control pests in agricultural crops, greenhouse crops, nursery crops, ornamentals, turf, forestry, stored food and fiber products, structures, livestock, households, and public and animal health. Agricultural crop costs incurred by pests exceed billions of dollars annually in decreased crop yields, reduced crop quality and increased harvesting costs. Agricultural crops include wheat, corn, soybeans, potatoes, and cotton to name a few. Soil-bourne insects, such as termites and white grubs, cause millions of dollars of damage to structures, turfs and ornamentals. Household pests, such as flies, ants and cockroaches, carry disease and are undesirable in peoples' homes. In addition to these pests, many blood-feeding insects are vectors for pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human and animal health, or are annoying at the least. Insecticides and acaricides are desired which can control these pests without damaging crops, turfs, ornamentals or structures, and which have no deleterious effects to mammals and other living organisms.

A number of patents and publications disclose a variety of dihalopropene compounds that are reported to be insecticidally and acaricidally active. For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0073847 discloses certain dihalopropene compounds for use as insecticides and acaricides of the general formula:

where Z is oxygen, sulfur, or NR⁴ (wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, or C₁-C₃ alkyl); Y is oxygen, sulfur, or NH; X's are independently chlorine or bromine; R², R³, and R¹⁰ are independently halogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, or C₁-C₃ haloalkyl; t is an integer of 0 to 2; and R¹ is A-(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)CHR⁷— (Q1), A-B-(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)CHR⁷— (Q2), A-(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—B—(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)—CHR⁷— (Q3), A-C(R¹³)═C(R¹⁴)—(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)—CHR⁷— (Q4), A-B-(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—C(R¹³)═C(R¹⁴)—(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)—CHR⁷— (Q5), A-B-(CR¹¹R¹²)_(s)—C(═O)—O—(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)—CHR⁷— (Q6), or A-C(R¹³)═C(R¹⁴)—C(═O)—O—(CR⁵R⁶)_(p)—CHR⁷— (Q7), where A is an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, more particularly A is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocyclic ring group containing 2, 3 or 4 nitrogen atoms and 1 or 2 carbon atoms; B is oxygen, S(O)_(q), NR⁹, C(=G¹)G² or G¹C(=G²); q is an integer of 0 to 2; R⁹ is hydrogen, acetyl or C₁-C₃ alkyl; G¹ and G² are independently oxygen and sulfur; R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, or trifluoromethyl; R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, halogen or trifluoromethyl; p is an integer of 0 to 6; and s is an integer of 1 to 6.

PCT publication WO 2003074498 discloses a class of cyclic diamine compounds of the following formula useful as pesticides:

where

-   A is CY₁Y₂OCY₃Y₄, CY₁Y₂SO_(n)CY₃Y₄, CY₁Y₂NRCY₃Y₄, CY₁═NCY₃Y₄ or     CY₁Y₂N═CY₃; R is hydrogen, optionally oxidized S, nitro, nitroso,     CHO, CN, OH, amino, hydrocarbyl, heterocyclyl, (C₂-C₇)acyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl, (C₇-C₁₁)arylalkylcarbonyl,     (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, thiocarbamoyl, hydroxyoxalyl,     aminooxalyl or hydroxyaminooxalyl (all optionally substituted); -   Q₁ is phenyl or heteroaryl (both substituted); -   Q₂ is substituted phenyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₆)haloalkyl; provided     that when A is CH₂OCH₂ then Q₁ is not dichlorophenyl.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,952,386 discloses certain dihalopropene compounds with urea linkers for use as insecticides of the general formula:

where R₁ is C₁-C₁₀ alkyl or the like; L is C(═O)NH, NHC(═O)NH or the like; R₂, R₃ and R₄ are independently halogen or the like; R₅, R₆, and R₇ are independently hydrogen or the like; m is an integer of 0 to 4; n is an integer of 0 to 2; X is chlorine or the like; Y is oxygen or the like; and Z is oxygen or the like.

There is no disclosure or suggestion in any of the above-referenced patents or publications of the structures and pesticidal activity of the compounds of the present invention.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, it has now been found that certain novel substituted cyclic urea derivatives demonstrate unexpectedly improved pesticidal activity as compared with compounds described above. The improved pesticidal activity is attributed to the substituted cyclic urea linker containing the substituent identified as G below. Pesticidal activity is reduced if this urea component of the compound is not cyclic or specifically substituted as described below.

The novel substituted cyclic urea derivatives are represented by the following general formula I:

where

-   R and R³ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy,     (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl,     halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,     (C₁-C₃)alkylthio, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylthio, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl,     halo(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro; optionally substituted amino     wherein the optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl; optionally     substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted imidazolinyl,     optionally substituted oxazolinyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl,     optionally substituted oxadiazolyl, optionally substituted     thiazolyl, optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted     triazolyl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted     tetrahydrofuranyl, optionally substituted dioxolanyl, optionally     substituted dioxanyl, —C(═K)-L, and —C(R¹⁶)-M-R¹⁷, wherein the     optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halogen,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl,     (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl, cyano, nitro and     aryl; -   where -   K is selected from O, S, NR¹⁸, and NOR⁸, where R¹⁸ is hydrogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₄)alkyl; -   L is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino and di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino; -   M is selected from O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously     described; -   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl     and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together with     -Q(CHR¹⁸)_(e)—, where e is an integer of 2 to 4; Q is selected from     O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously described; -   R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and     (C₁-C₃)alkyl; -   A is selected from O, S, OCH₂ and (CH₂)_(f) where the asterisk     denotes attachment to B, and f is an integer selected from 1, 2 and     3; -   B is selected from selected from CH₂, O, S and NR¹⁹ where R¹⁹ is     selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylphosphonate,     (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl and     (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl; provided that A and B are not simultaneously O     or S; -   R⁴ is hydrogen; -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from halogen; -   a is an integer selected from 0 or 1;

and when a is 1,

-   D is O, CH₂, OCH₂, CH₂O, OCH═CH, C(═O), S(O)_(g), —CH═CH—, —OC(═O)—,     —OC(═O)NH—, —NHC(═O)—, —NHSO₂—, —N═CH—, NR¹⁹, or N(oxide)R¹⁹ where     R¹⁹ is as previously described, and g is an integer selected from 0,     1 or 2; -   b is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;

and when b is 1 or more,

-   R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and aryl; -   E is a bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═CR²¹—, *—CR²⁰═N—,     *—N═CR²⁰—, —N═N—, *—C(═O)CR²⁰R²¹, *—CR²⁰R²¹C(═O)—, —(CR²⁰R²¹)_(n)—,     *—N═CR²⁰C(═O), *—C(═O)CR²⁰═N—, *—C(═O)NR²⁰—, *—NR²⁰C(═O)—,     *—CR²⁰═CR²¹C(═O)—, *—C(═O)CR²¹═CR²⁰—, —CR²⁰R²¹OCR²²R²³—,     —C(═))C(═))—, *—S(O)_(g)CR²⁰R²¹—, *—S(O)_(g)NR²⁰—, *—OCR²²R²³—,     *—CR²²R²³O— and —C(═O)— where the asterisk denotes attachment at the     position designated as 1 in formula I, g is as previously described,     n is an integer selected from 2, 3, and 4, and R²⁰ through R²³,     inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, amino,     (C₁-C₄)alkylamino and aryl; and R²⁰ through R²³ in geminal positions     may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or 7-membered spiro rings     comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, or R²⁰ through R²³ in     adjacent positions may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or     7-membered rings comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen or a     benzo-fused ring; -   G is selected from O, S, N-Q, or C-Q, where Q is cyano or nitro; -   c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

and when c is 1 or more,

-   R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy and aryl; -   d is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and, -   when d is 1, -   J is selected from O, CH═CH, S(O)_(g), HC═N, C(═O), OC(═O), C(═O)O,     C(═O)NH, NR¹⁹, N(oxide)R¹⁹ and NR¹⁹C(═O) where g and R¹⁹ are as     previously described; -   X is selected from a substituted aryl or a substituted heteroaryl,     wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen,     halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₂-C₄)alkynyl,     halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,     cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C_(-C) ₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy,     (C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy,     halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylthio, pentahalothio,     (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylthio,     halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro;     NR^(c)R^(d), where R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from     hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, and     (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl, and where R^(c) and R^(d) may be taken     together to form a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring     containing carbon, O, N, or S; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyloxy, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilyl,     di(C₁-C₆)alkylphosphinoyl, aryl, aryloxy, and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; -   provided that when X is a substituted aryl having the following     structure,

R¹¹ and R¹², or R¹² and R¹³, or R¹³ and R¹⁴ or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH═CH—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂CH₂—, —OCR²⁴═N—, —N═CR²⁴O—, —ON═CR²⁴—, —ONR²⁴C(═O)—, —CH₂NR²⁴C(═O)—, —C₃H₆—, —C₂H₄(C═O)—, —SCR²⁴═N—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵C(═O)—, —CR²⁴═CR²⁴NR²⁶—, —CR²⁴═NNR²⁵—, —N═NNR²⁴— or —N═CR²⁴N═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ through R²⁷, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and aryl;

-   and -   agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.

The present invention also includes compositions containing an insecticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, and optionally, an effective amount of at least one second compound, with at least one insecticidally compatible carrier.

The present invention also includes methods of controlling insects, in an area where control is desired, which comprise applying an insecticidally effective amount of the above composition to the locus of crops, or other areas where insects are present or are expected to be present.

The present invention also includes novel intermediates finding utility in the syntheses of compounds of formula I.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to certain new and useful insecticidal and acaricidal compounds, namely substituted cyclic urea derivatives (hereinafter termed “compounds of formula I”) as depicted in general formula I:

-   R and R³ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy,     (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl,     halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,     (C₁-C₃)alkylthio, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylthio, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl,     halo(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro; optionally substituted amino     wherein the optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl; optionally     substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted imidazolinyl,     optionally substituted oxazolinyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl,     optionally substituted oxadiazolyl, optionally substituted     thiazolyl, optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted     triazolyl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted     tetrahydrofuranyl, optionally substituted dioxolanyl, optionally     substituted dioxanyl, —C(═K)-L, and —C(R¹⁶)-M-R¹⁷, wherein the     optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halogen,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl,     (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl, cyano, nitro and     aryl; -   where -   K is selected from O, S, NR¹⁸, and NOR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is hydrogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₄)alkyl; -   L is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino and di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino; -   M is selected from O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously     described; -   R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl     and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, and R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together with     -Q(CHR¹⁸)_(e)—, where e is an integer of 2 to 4; Q is selected from     O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously described; -   R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and     (C₁-C₃)alkyl; -   A is selected from O, S, *OCH₂ and (CH₂)_(f) where the asterisk     denotes attachment to B, and f is an integer selected from 1, 2 and     3; -   B is selected from selected from CH₂, O, S and NR¹⁹ where R¹⁹ is     selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,     halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylphosphonate,     (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl,     (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl and     (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl; provided that A and B are not simultaneously O     or S; -   R⁴ is hydrogen; -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from halogen; -   a is an integer selected from 0 or 1;

and when a is 1,

-   D is O, CH₂, OCH₂, CH₂O, OCH═CH, C(═O), S(O)_(g), —CH═CH—, —OC(═O)—,     —OC(═O)NH—, —NHC(═O)—, —NHSO₂—, —N═CH—, NR¹⁹, or N(oxide)R¹⁹ where     R¹⁹ is as previously described, and g is an integer selected from 0,     1 or 2; -   b is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6;

and when b is 1 or more,

-   R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl and aryl; -   E is a bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═CR²¹—, *—CR²⁰═N—,     *—N═CR²⁰—, —N═N—, *—C(═O)CR²⁰R²¹—, *—CR²⁰R²¹C(═O)—, —(CR²⁰R²¹)_(n)—,     *—N═CR²⁰C(═O)—, *—C(═O)CR²⁰═N—, *—C(═O)NR²⁰—, *—NR²⁰C(═O)—,     *—CR²⁰═CR²¹C(═O)—, *—C(═O)CR²¹═CR²⁰—, —CR²⁰R²¹OCR²²R²³—,     —C(═O)C(═O)—, *—S(O)_(g)CR²⁰R²¹—, *—S(O)_(g)NR²⁰—, *—OCR²²R²³—,     *—CR²²R²³O— and —C(═O)— where the asterisk denotes attachment at the     position designated as 1 in formula I, g is as previously described,     n is an integer selected from 2, 3, and 4, and R²⁰ through R²³,     inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, amino,     (C₁-C₄)alkylamino and aryl; and R²⁰ through R²³ in geminal positions     may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or 7-membered spiro rings     comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, or R²⁰ through R²³ in     adjacent positions may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or     7-membered rings comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen or a     benzo-fused ring; -   G is selected from O, S, N-Q, or C-Q, where Q is cyano or nitro; -   c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

and when c is 1 or more,

-   R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy and aryl; -   d is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and, -   when d is 1, -   J is selected from O, CH═CH, S(O)_(g), HC═N, C(═O), OC(═O), C(═O)O,     C(═O)NH, NR¹⁹, N(oxide)R¹⁹ and NR¹⁹C(═O) where g and R¹⁹ are as     previously described; -   X is selected from a substituted aryl or a substituted heteroaryl,     wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen,     halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₂-C₄)alkynyl,     halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,     cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy,     (C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy,     halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylthio, pentahalothio,     (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylthio,     halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro;     NR^(c)R^(d), where R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from     hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, and     (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl, and where R^(c) and R^(d) may be taken     together to form a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring     containing carbon, O, N, or S; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyl,     (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyloxy, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilyl,     di(C₁-C₆)alkylphosphinoyl, aryl, aryloxy, and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; -   provided that when X is a substituted aryl having the following     structure,

R¹¹ and R¹², or R¹² and R¹³, or R¹³ and R¹⁴ or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH═CH—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂CH₂—, —OCR²⁴═N—, —N═CR²⁴O—, —ON═CR²⁴, —ONR²⁴C(═O)—, —CH₂NR²⁴C(═O)—, —C₃H₆—, —C₂H₄(C═O)—, —SCR²⁴═N—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵C(═O)—, —CR²⁴═CR²⁵NR²⁶—, —CR²⁴═NNR²⁵—, —N═NNR²⁴— or —N═CR²⁴N═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ through R²⁷, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and aryl;

-   and -   agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.

Preferred substituted cyclic urea derivatives from the group set forth above are those compounds of Formula I where:

-   R and R³ are independently selected from halogen and (C₁-C₃)alkyl; -   A is (CH₂)f where f is 1; B is O; -   R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from chlorine and bromine; -   a is an integer selected from 0 or 1, and when a is 1, D is selected     from O, CH₂ and OCH₂; -   b is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and when b is 1     or more, R⁷ and R⁸ are each hydrogen; -   E is said bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═CR²¹—, *—CR²⁰═N—,     *—N═CR²⁰— and —N═N—, where R²⁰ and R²¹ are independently selected     from hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)alkyl; -   G is selected from O or S; -   c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and when c is 1 or     more, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each hydrogen; -   d is an integer selected from 0 or 1, and when d is 1, J is selected     from O, C(═O) and S(O)_(g) where g is 2; -   X is a substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl wherein the     substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and     halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl; provided that when X is a substituted aryl     having the following structure,

R¹¹ and R¹² or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O—, —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are each hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

More preferred substituted cyclic urea derivatives of the group set forth above are those where R and R³ are each chlorine; R¹ and R² are each hydrogen; a is 1 and D is 0; b is an integer selected from 2, 3 or 4; E is a bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═N—, —N═CR²⁰— or —N═N—, where R²⁰ is selected from hydrogen or methyl; G is O; c is an integer selected from 0 or 1; d is 0; and X is a substituted aryl have the following structure,

where R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, and where R¹¹ and R¹² may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ and R²⁵ are selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

Yet more preferred phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives are those where R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, 1,1-dimethylethyl, trifluoromethyl, and difluoromethylsulfonyl; and where R¹¹ and R¹² may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each methyl or trifluoromethyl.

Yet more preferred phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives are those where R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from halogen or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl; E is —N═N— and b is 4.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of formula I-JJ

where

-   R and R³ are independently selected from halogen and hydroxy; -   R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and     (C₁-C₃)alkyl; -   R⁵ and R are independently selected from halogen; -   b is an integer selected from 2, 3 or 4; -   R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl; -   E is a bridging group selected from *—CR²⁰═N—, *—N═CR²⁰— and —N═N—     where the asterisk denotes attachment at the position designated as     1 in formula I-JJ, and R²⁰ is selected from hydrogen, halogen,     (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl; -   c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

and when c is 1 or more,

-   R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl and (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; -   X is selected from a substituted aryl or a substituted heteroaryl,     wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen,     halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; -   and -   agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.

Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a compound of formula I-KK

where

-   E is a bridging group selected from *—CH═N—, *—N═CH— and —N═N— where     the asterisk denotes attachment at the position designated as 1 in     formula I-KK; -   X is selected from a substituted aryl wherein the substituents are     independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,     halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; -   and -   agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.

In addition, in certain cases the compounds of the present invention may possess asymmetric centers, which can give rise to optical enantiomorphs and diastereomers. The compounds may exist in two or more forms, i.e., polymorphs, which are significantly different in physical and chemical properties. The compounds of the present invention may also exist as tautomers, in which migration of a hydrogen atom within the molecule results in two or more structures, which are in equilibrium. The compounds of the present invention may also possess acidic or basic moieties, which may allow for the formation of agriculturally acceptable salts or agriculturally acceptable metal complexes.

This invention includes the use of such enantiomorphs, polymorphs, tautomers, salts and metal complexes. Agriculturally acceptable salts and metal complexes include, without limitation, for example, ammonium salts, the salts of organic and inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methylbenzenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid, gluconic acid, pamoic acid, and other acid salts, and the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal complexes with, for example, sodium, potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium, and other metals.

The methods of the present invention comprise causing an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of formula I to be administered to insects in order to kill or control the insects. Preferred insecticidally effective amounts are those that are sufficient to kill the insect. It is within the scope of the present invention to cause a compound of formula I to be present within insects by contacting the insects with a derivative of that compound, which derivative is converted within the insect to a compound of formula I. This invention includes the use of such compounds, which are referred to as pro-insecticides.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to compositions containing an insecticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to compositions containing an insecticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, and an effective amount of at least one second compound.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to methods of controlling insects by applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition as set forth above to a locus of crops such as, without limitation, cereals, cotton, vegetables, and fruits, or other areas where insects are present or are expected to be present.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to novel intermediates finding utility in the syntheses of compounds of formula I.

The present invention also includes the use of the compounds and compositions set forth herein for control of non-agricultural insect species, for example, dry wood termites and subterranean termites; as well as for use as pharmaceutical agents. In the field of veterinary medicine, the compounds of the present invention are expected to be effective against certain endo- and ecto-parasites, such as insects and worms, which prey on animals. Examples of such animal parasites include, without limitation, Gastrophilus spp., Stomoxys spp., Trichodectes spp., Rhodnius spp., Ctenocephalides canis, and other species.

As used in this specification and unless otherwise indicated the substituent terms “alkyl” and “alkoxy”, used alone or as part of a larger moiety, includes straight or branched chains of at least one or two carbon atoms, as appropriate to the substituent, and preferably up to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably up to ten carbon atoms, most preferably up to seven carbon atoms. The term “alkenyl” and “alkynyl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety, includes straight or branched chains of at least two carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond, and preferably up to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably up to ten carbon atoms, most preferably up to seven carbon atoms. The term “aryl” refers to an aromatic ring structure having up to six carbon atoms, for example, phenyl. The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic ring structure, including fused rings, in which at least one of the atoms is other than carbon, for example, without limitation, sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen. The term “GC analysis” refers to gas chromatographic analysis of; while the term “TLC analysis” refers to thin layer chromatographic analysis of, for example a reaction mixture. The term “HPLC” refers to high pressure liquid chromatography, as it relates to, for example a method of separating components from a reaction mixture. The term “DMF” refers to N,N-dimethylformamide. The term “THF” refers to tetrahydrofuran. The term “DBU” refers to 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene. The term “DEAD” refers to diethyl azodicarboxylate. The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to fluorine, bromine, iodine, or chlorine. The term “ambient temperature” or “room temperature” often abbreviated as “RT”, for example, in reference to a chemical reaction mixture temperature, refers to a temperature in the range of 20° C. to 30° C. The term “insecticidal” or “acaricidal”, “insecticide” or “acaricide” refers to a compound of the present invention, either alone or in admixture with at least one of a second compound, or with at least one compatible carrier, which causes the destruction or the inhibition of action of insects or acarids. The term “independently selected from” as set forth above and in the claims section of the present specification refers to the possibility that moieties, for example the R⁵ and R⁶, may be the same or they may be different within the group that the selection is made.

The phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives of formula I can be synthesized by methods that are individually known to one skilled in the art from available intermediate compounds.

Scheme 1 below illustrates a general procedure for synthesizing phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives of formula I, inter alia, where, for example, R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; b is 4; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is a substituted aryl:

As depicted in scheme 1 in a first series of reactions, the known compound 2,6-dichloro-4-phenylmethoxyphenol was reacted under basic conditions with, for example a haloalkyl ester such as of 4-bromobutyl acetate, affording the corresponding ester (A1), for example 4-[2,6-dichloro-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenoxy]butyl acetate. Intermediate (A1) was in turn deprotected by treating it with hydrogen gas under catalytic hydrogenation conditions, providing intermediate (A2). Intermediate (A2) was then treated with, for example 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, under basic conditions, affording the corresponding intermediate (A3), which was in turn reduced with strong base, providing an alcohol intermediate (A4), for example 4-[4-(3,3-dichloro-2-propenyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butan-1-ol. Intermediate (A4) was brominated providing the corresponding 1-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]-4-bromobutane (A5)

In a second series of reactions, the known compound 4-trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine (A6) was reacted with, for example glyoxylic acid under acidic conditions, yielding the corresponding aminopropenoic acid (A7), which was in turn cyclized with diphenylphosphoryl azide under basic conditions, affording the corresponding 1-substituted-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one (A8) as an intermediate. Intermediates (A5) and (A8) were then reacted under basic conditions, providing compounds of formula I, such as 4-{4-[4-(3,3-Dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl}-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one.

Scheme 2 below illustrates a general procedure for synthesizing phenylalkyl substituted cyclic urea derivatives of formula I, inter alia, where, for example, R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R^(3,) R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; b is 4; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is a substituted aryl:

As depicted in scheme 2, a substituted phenylisocyanate (B), for example the known compound 3-chlorophenylisocyanate, was reacted with sodium azide in the presence of aluminum chloride to afford a 1-(3-halophenyl)-tetrazoline-5-one (B1), for example 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-tetrazolin-5-one. Intermediate (B1) and Intermediate (A5), prepared in scheme 1 above, were then reacted under basic conditions, providing compounds of formula I, such as 1-{4-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl}-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolin-5-one.

One skilled in the art will, of course, recognize that the formulation and mode of application of a toxicant may affect the activity of the material in a given application. Thus, for agricultural use the present insecticidal compounds may be formulated as a granular of relatively large particle size (for example, 8/16 or 4/8 US Mesh), as water-soluble or water-dispersible granules, as powdery dusts, as wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as aqueous emulsions, as solutions, or as any of other known types of agriculturally-useful formulations, depending on the desired mode of application. It is to be understood that the amounts specified in this specification are intended to be approximate only, as if the word “about” were placed in front of the amounts specified.

These insecticidal compositions may be applied either as water-diluted sprays, or dusts, or granules to the areas in which suppression of insects is desired. These formulations may contain as little as 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.5% to as much as 95% or more by weight of active ingredient.

Dusts are free flowing admixtures of the active ingredient with finely divided solids such as talc, natural clays, kieselguhr, flours such as walnut shell and cottonseed flours, and other organic and inorganic solids which act as dispersants and carriers for the toxicant; these finely divided solids have an average particle size of less than about 50 microns. A typical dust formulation useful herein is one containing 1.0 part or less of the insecticidal compound and 99.0 parts of talc.

Wettable powders, also useful formulations for insecticides, are in the form of finely divided particles that disperse readily in water or other dispersant. The wettable powder is ultimately applied to the locus where insect control is needed either as a dry dust or as an emulsion in water or other liquid. Typical carriers for wettable powders include Fuller's earth, kaolin clays, silicas, and other highly absorbent, readily wet inorganic diluents. Wettable powders normally are prepared to contain about 5-80% of active ingredient, depending on the absorbency of the carrier, and usually also contain a small amount of a wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agent to facilitate dispersion. For example, a useful wettable powder formulation contains 80.0 parts of the insecticidal compound, 17.9 parts of Palmetto clay, and 1.0 part of sodium lignosulfonate and 0.3 part of sulfonated aliphatic polyester as wetting agents. Additional wetting agent and/or oil will frequently be added to a tank mix for to facilitate dispersion on the foliage of the plant.

Other useful formulations for insecticidal applications are emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) which are homogeneous liquid compositions dispersible in water or other dispersant, and may consist entirely of the insecticidal compound and a liquid or solid emulsifying agent, or may also contain a liquid carrier, such as xylene, heavy aromatic naphthas, isphorone, or other non-volatile organic solvents. For insecticidal application these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid carrier and normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated. The percentage by weight of the essential active ingredient may vary according to the manner in which the composition is to be applied, but in general comprises 0.5 to 95% of active ingredient by weight of the insecticidal composition.

Flowable formulations are similar to ECs, except that the active ingredient is suspended in a liquid carrier, generally water. Flowables, like ECs, may include a small amount of a surfactant, and will typically contain active ingredients in the range of 0.5 to 95%, frequently from 10 to 50%, by weight of the composition. For application, flowables may be diluted in water or other liquid vehicle, and are normally applied as a spray to the area to be treated.

Typical wetting, dispersing or emulsifying agents used in agricultural formulations include, but are not limited to, the alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylaryl polyether alcohols; sulfated higher alcohols; polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated petroleum oils; fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and the ethylene oxide addition products of such esters; and the addition product of long-chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide. Many other types of useful surface-active agents are available in commerce. Surface-active agents, when used, normally comprise 1 to 15% by weight of the composition.

Other useful formulations include suspensions of the active ingredient in a relatively non-volatile solvent such as water, corn oil, kerosene, propylene glycol, or other suitable solvents.

Still other useful formulations for insecticidal applications include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent in which it is completely soluble at the desired concentration, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene, or other organic solvents. Granular formulations, wherein the toxicant is carried on relative coarse particles, are of particular utility for aerial distribution or for penetration of cover crop canopy. Pressurized sprays, typically aerosols wherein the active ingredient is dispersed in finely divided form as a result of vaporization of a low-boiling dispersant solvent carrier may also be used. Water-soluble or water-dispersible granules are free flowing, non-dusty, and readily water-soluble or water-miscible. In use by the farmer on the field, the granular formulations, emulsifiable concentrates, flowable concentrates, aqueous emulsions, solutions, etc., may be diluted with water to give a concentration of active ingredient in the range of say 0.1% or 0.2% to 1.5% or 2%.

The active insecticidal compounds of this invention may be formulated and/or applied with one or more second compounds. Such combinations may provide certain advantages, such as, without limitation, exhibiting synergistic effects for greater control of insect pests, reducing rates of application of insecticide thereby minimizing any impact to the environment and to worker safety, controlling a broader spectrum of insect pests, safening of crop plants to phytotoxicity, and improving tolerance by non-pest species, such as mammals and fish.

Second compounds include, without limitation, other pesticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers, soil conditioners, or other agricultural chemicals. In applying an active compound of this invention, whether formulated alone or with other agricultural chemicals, an effective amount and concentration of the active compound is of course employed; the amount may vary in the range of, e.g. about 0.001 to about 3 kg/ha, preferably about 0.03 to about 1 kg/ha. For field use, where there are losses of insecticide, higher application rates (e.g., four times the rates mentioned above) may be employed.

When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other pesticides such as herbicides, the herbicides include, without limitation, for example: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”); aryloxyalkanoic acids such as (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (“2,4-D”), (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (“MCPA”), (±)-2-(4chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (“MCPP”); ureas such as N,N-dimethyl-N′-[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]urea (“isoproturon”); imidazolinones such as 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (“imazapyr”), a reaction product comprising (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-4-methylbenzoic acid and (±)2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methylbenzoic acid (“imazamethabenz”), (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (“imazethapyr”), and (±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (“imazaquin”); diphenyl ethers such as 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid (“acifluorfen”), methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate (“bifenox”), and 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide (“fomasafen”); hydroxybenzonitriles such as 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzonitrile (“ioxynil”) and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (“bromoxynil”); sulfonylureas such as 2-[[[[(4chloro-6-methoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoic acid (“chlorimuron”), 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfon-amide (“achlorsulfuron”), 2-[[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sufonyl]methyl]benzoic acid (“bensulfuron”), 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-1-methy-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxylic acid (“pyrazosulfuron”), 3-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (“thifensulfuron”), and 2-(2-chloroethoxy)-N[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide (“triasulfuron”); 2-(4-aryloxy-phenoxy)alkanoic acids such as (±)-2[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy]-propanoic acid (fenoxaprop”), (±)-2-[4[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-phenoxy]propanoic acid (“fluazifop”), (±)-2-[4-(6chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]-phenoxy]propanoic acid (“quizalofop”), and (±)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid (“diclofop”); benzothiadiazinones such as 3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one-2,2-dioxide (“bentazone”); 2-chloroacetanilides such as N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide (“butachlor”), 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (“metolachlor”), 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)acetamide (“acetochlor”), and (RS)-2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide (“dimethenamide”); arenecarboxylic acids such as 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (“dicamba”); pyridyloxyacetic acids such as [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid (“fluroxypyr”), and other herbicides.

When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other pesticides such as other insecticides, the other insecticides include, for example: organophosphate insecticides, such as chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, malathion, parathion-methyl, and terbufos; pyrethroid and non-pyrethroid insecticides, such as fenvalerate, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, resolved cyhalothrin, etofenprox, esfenvalerate, tralomethrin, tefluthrin, cycloprothrin, betacyfluthrin, acrinathrin and silafluofen; carbamate insecticides, such as aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl; organochlorine insecticides, such as endosulfan, endrin, heptachlor, and lindane; benzoylurea insecticides, such as diflubenuron, triflumuron, teflubenzuron, chlorfluazuron, flucycloxuron, hexaflumuron, noviflumuron, flufenoxuron, and lufenuron; and other insecticides, such as, without limitation, amitraz, clofentezine, fenpyroximate, hexythiazox, cyhexatin, spinosad, imidacloprid, chlorfenaptr, hydramethylon, acequinocyl, fenbutatin-oxide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, indoxacarb, fipronyl, ethiprole, etoxazole, bifenazate, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, methoprene, pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb, pymetrozine, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, milbemectin, and other insecticides.

When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other pesticides such as fungicides, the fungicides include, for example: benzimidazole fungicides, such as benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, and thiophanate-methyl; 1,2,4-triazole fungicides, such as epoxyconazole, cyproconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, and triadimenol; substituted anilide fungicides, such as metalaxyl, oxadixyl, procymidone, and vinclozolin; organophosphorus fungicides, such as fosetyl, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, edifenphos, and tolclofos-methyl; morpholine fungicides, such as fenpropimorph, tridemorph, and dodemorph; other systemic fungicides, such as fenarimol, imazalil, prochloraz, tricyclazole, and triforine; dithiocarbamate fungicides, such as mancozeb, maneb, propineb, zineb, and ziram; non-systemic fungicides, such as chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianon, and iprodione, captan, dinocap, dodine, fluazinam, gluazatine, PCNB, pencycuron, quintozene, tricylamide, and validamycin; inorganic fungicides, such as copper and sulphur products, and other fungicides.

When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other pesticides such as nematicides, the nematicides include, for example: carbofuran, carbosulfan, turbufos, aldicarb, ethoprop, fenamphos, oxamyl, isazofos, cadusafos, and other nematicides.

When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other materials such as plant growth regulators, the plant growth regulators include, for example: maleic hydrazide, chlormequat, ethephon, gibberellin, mepiquat, thidiazon, inabenfide, triaphenthenol, paclobutrazol, unaconazol, DCPA, prohexadione, trinexapac-ethyl, and other plant growth regulators.

Soil conditioners are materials which, when added to the soil, promote a variety of benefits for the efficacious growth of plants. Soil conditioners are used to reduce soil compaction, promote and increase effectiveness of drainage, improve soil permeability, promote optimum plant nutrient content in the soil, and promote better pesticide and fertilizer incorporation. When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other materials such as soil conditioners, the soil conditioners include organic matter, such as humus, which promotes retention of cation plant nutrients in the soil; mixtures of cation nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, potash, sodium, and hydrogen complexes; or microorganism compositions which promote conditions in the soil favorable to plant growth. Such microorganism compositions include, for example, bacillus, pseudomonas, azotobacter, azospirillum, rhizobium, and soil-borne cyanobacteria.

Fertilizers are plant food supplements, which commonly contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. When the active insecticidal compounds of the present invention are used in combination with one or more of second compounds, e.g., with other materials such as fertilizers, the fertilizers include nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and bone meal; phosphate fertilizers, such as superphosphate, triple superphosphate, ammonium sulfate, and diammonium sulfate; and potassium fertilizers, such as muriate of potash, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate, and other fertilizers.

The following examples further illustrate the present invention, but, of course, should not be construed as in any way limiting its scope. The examples are organized to present protocols for the synthesis of the compounds of formula I of the present invention, set forth a list of such synthesized species, and set forth certain biological data indicating the efficacy of such compounds.

EXAMPLE 1

This example illustrates one protocol for the preparation of 4-{4-[4-(3,3-Dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl}-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one (Compound 107 in table below)

Step A Synthesis of 4-[2,6-dichloro-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenoxy]butyl acetate as an Intermediate

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a solution of 25 grams (0.093 mole) of 2,6-dichloro-4-phenylmethoxyphenol (known compound), 19.5 grams (0.10 mole) of 4-bromobutyl acetate and 19.4 grams (0.14 mole) of potassium carbonate in 400 mL of DMF was stirred at ambient temperature for two hours, then it was heated to 80° C. where it was maintained during a 20 hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature where it stirred during an additional 20 hour period. The reaction mixture was then stirred with 400 mL of water, saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with four 150 mL portions of diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with two 150 mL portions of water, dried with sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The crude residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel using 1:1 methylene chloride:hexane as an eluant. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 33.1 grams of compound the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step B Synthesis of 4-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)butyl acetate as an Intermediate

A mixture of 33.0 grams (0.086 mole) of 4-[2,6-dichloro-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenoxy]butyl acetate and 0.05 gram (catalyst) of 10% palladium on carbon in 350 mL of ethanol was subjected to hydrogenation conditions using a Parr hydrogenator. After the theoretical uptake of hydrogen, gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the reaction mixture indicated the reaction was about 50% complete. Additional catalyst was added and the reaction mixture was again subjected to hydrogenation conditions using the Parr hydrogenator. GC analysis of the reaction mixture indicated the reaction was now complete. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 25.4 grams of the subject compound as a residue. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step C Synthesis of 4-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl acetate as an Intermediate

A solution of 25.3 grams (0.086 mole) of 4-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)butyl acetate in 250 mL of DMF was stirred, and 19.5 grams (0.1 mole) of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane was added, followed by 18 grams (0.13 mole) of potassium carbonate. Upon completion of addition the reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. during a 17 hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, stirred with 350 mL of water and extracted with four 150 mL portions of diethyl ether. The combined extracts were washed with two 100 mL portions of water, dried with sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel using 1:1 methylene chloride:hexane as an eluant. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 27.1 grams of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step D Synthesis of 4-[4-(3,3-dichloro-2-propenyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butan-1-ol as an Intermediate

Twenty seven grams (0.067 mole) of 4-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl acetate was stirred and a solution of 5.4 grams (0.134 mole) of sodium hydroxide in 300 mL of methanol was added portion-wise. Upon completion of addition the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature during a two hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was stirred with 400 mL of water and was neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The neutral mixture was extracted with four 150 mL portions of diethyl ether, and the combined extracted were washed with one 150 mL portion of an aqueous solution saturated with sodium chloride. The organic layer was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue, yielding 22.5 grams of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step E Synthesis of 1-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]-4-bromobutane as an Intermediate

A stirred solution of 22.3 grams (0.062 mole) of 4-[4-(3,3-dichloro-2-propenyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butan-1-ol and 20.6 grams (0.062 mole) of carbon tetrabromide in 250 mL of methylene chloride was cooled to 10° C. and 17.9 grams (0.068 mole) of triphenylphosphine was added in one portion. Upon completion of addition the reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature where it stirred during an 18 hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel using 25% methylene chloride in hexane as an eluant. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 21.3 grams of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step F Synthesis of (2E)-3-aza-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}prop-2-enoic acid as an intermediate

A suspension of 1.0 gram (0.006 mole) of 4-trifluoromethylphenylhydrazine (known compound) in 10 mL of water was stirred and 0.4 mL (0.007 mole) of glyoxylic acid was added, followed by a solution of 1 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid in 2 mL of water. Upon completion of addition the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature during a one hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was filtered to collect, when dried, 0.6 gram of the subject compound as a solid. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step G Synthesis of 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one as an intermediate

A suspension of 0.6 gram (0.0024 mole) of (2E)-3-aza-3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}prop-2-enoic acid in 15 mL of toluene was stirred and 0.34 mL (0.0024 mole) of triethylamine, followed by 0.53 mL (0.0024 mole) of diphenylphosphoryl azide were added, each in one portion. Upon completion of addition the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to reflux temperature where it was maintained for one hour. After this time the reaction mixture was poured into 100 mL of an aqueous 10% potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous basic layer was separated, cooled in an ice-water bath and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resultant solid precipitate was collected by filtration and dried, yielding 0.5 gram of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

Step H Synthesis of Compound 107

A stirred solution of 0.20 gram (0.0005 mole) of 1-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]-4-bromobutane (prepared in Steps A-E of the present Example), 0.11 gram (0.0005 mole) of 1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,4-triazolin-5-one (prepared in Steps F and G of the present Example), 0.10 gram (0.0008 mole) of potassium carbonate and 0.10 gram (catalyst) of 18-Crown-6 in 10 mL of DMF was heated to 80° C. where it was maintained during an 18 hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with 50 mL of distilled water and extracted with 200 mL of diethyl ether. The extract was then washed with 50 mL of distilled water, dried with sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel using methylene chloride as an eluant. The appropriate fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure, yielding 0.08 grams of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

EXAMPLE 2

This example illustrates one protocol for the preparation of 1-{4-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]butyl}-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolin-5-one (Compound 310 in table below)

Step A Synthesis of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-tetrazolin-5-one as an Intermediate

DMF (5.0 ml) was cooled to 0° C. and stirred as 0.48 gram (0.0074 mole) of sodium azide was added. To this mixture was added 50 milligrams of aluminum chloride. The mixture was heated to 70° C. for 15 minutes, then the known compound 3-chlorophenylisocyanate was added neet in one portion. The mixture was heated at 75° C. for 3 hours and then cooled and poured into 100 ml of water containing 0.5 gram of sodium nitrite and 50 grams ice. To this was slowly added sufficient 10% hydrogen chloride to cause a change in KI/starch test paper. The resulting solid was filtered and dried. The filtrate was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water and concentrated to a residue. The crude residue was purified with column chromatography on silica gel using 95:5 dichloromethane-methanol as an eluant yielding 0.38 gram of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-tetrazolin-5-one.

Step B Synthesis of Compound 310

A stirred solution of 0.54 gram (0.0013 mole) of 1-[4-(3,3-dichloroprop-2-enyloxy)-2,6-dichlorophenoxy]-4-bromobutane (prepared in Steps A-E of Example 1), 0.25 gram (0.0013 mole) of 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-tetrazolin-5-one (prepared in Step A of the present Example), 0.18 gram (0.0013 mole) of potassium carbonate and 3 mL of DMF was heated to 90° C. where it was maintained during a 1 hour period. After this time the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and poured into 50 mL of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride. The reaction mixture was extracted twice with 50 mL of ethyl acetate. The extract was then washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride, dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to a residue. The residue was purified with preparative TLC plates with 9:1 heptane-ethyl acetate as an eluant yielding 0.46 grams of the subject compound. The NMR spectrum was consistent with the proposed structure.

It is well known to one of ordinary skill in the art that compounds like the compounds of formula I of the present invention can contain optically active and racemic forms. It is also well known in the art that compounds like the compounds of formula I may contain stereoisomeric forms, tautomeric forms and/or exhibit polymorphism. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses any racemic, optically active, polymorphic, tautomeric, or stereoisomeric form, or mixtures thereof. It should be noted that it is well known in the art how to prepare optically active forms, for example by resolution of a racemic mixture, or by synthesis from optically active intermediates.

The following table sets forth some compounds of formula I:

TABLE 1 Phenylalkyl Substituted Cyclic Urea Derivatives I

Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═CR²¹—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-A

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R²¹ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵  1 4 H H H H H H H  2 4 H H Cl H H H H  3 4 H H H Cl H H H  4 4 H H H H Cl H H  5 4 H H Cl Cl H H H  6 4 H H Cl H Cl H H  7 4 H H Cl H H Cl H  8 4 H H Cl H H H Cl  9 4 H H H Cl Cl H H 10 4 H H H Cl H Cl H 11 4 H H CF₃ H H H H 12 4 H H H CF₃ H H H 13 4 H H H H CF₃ H H 14 4 H H OCF₃ H H H H 15 4 H H H OCF₃ H H H 16 4 H H H H OCF₃ H H 17 4 H H CH₃ H H H H 18 4 H H H CH₃ H H H 19 4 H H H H CH₃ H H 20 4 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H H 21 4 H H CH₃ H CH₃ H H 22 4 H H CH₃ H H CH₃ H 23 4 H H CH₃ H H H CH₃ 24 4 H H H CH₃ CH₃ H H 25 4 H H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 26 4 H H F H H H H 27 4 H H H F H H H 28 4 H H H H F H H 29 4 H H F F H H H 30 4 H H F H F H H 31 4 H H F H H F H 32 4 H H F H H H F 33 4 H H H F F H H 34 4 H H H F H F H 35 4 H H Br H H H H 36 4 H H H Br H H H 37 4 H H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═CR²⁰—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-B

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 38 4 H H H H H H 39 4 H Cl H H H H 40 4 H H Cl H H H 41 4 H H H Cl H H 42 4 H Cl Cl H H H 43 4 H Cl H Cl H H 44 4 H Cl H H Cl H 45 4 H Cl H H H Cl 46 4 H H Cl Cl H H 47 4 H H Cl H Cl H 48 4 H CF₃ H H H H 49 4 H H CF₃ H H H 50 4 H H H CF₃ H H 51 4 H OCF₃ H H H H 52 4 H H OCF₃ H H H 53 4 H H H OCF₃ H H 54 4 H CH₃ H H H H 55 4 H H CH₃ H H H 56 4 H H H CH₃ H H 57 4 H CH₃ CH₃ H H H 58 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ H H 59 4 H CH₃ H H CH₃ H 60 4 H CH₃ H H H CH₃ 61 4 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H 62 4 H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 63 4 H F H H H H 64 4 H H F H H H 65 4 H H H F H H 66 4 H F F H H H 67 4 H F H F H H 68 4 H F H H F H 69 4 H F H H H F 70 4 H H F F H H 71 4 H H F H F H 72 4 H Br H H H H 73 4 H H Br H H H 74 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-C

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵  75 4 H H Cl H H H  76 4 H Cl Cl H H H  77 4 H Cl H Cl H H  78 4 H Cl H H Cl H  79 4 H Cl H H H Cl  80 4 H H Cl Cl H H  81 4 H H Cl H Cl H  82 4 H H C(CH₃)₃ H H H  83 4 H H H C(CH₃)₃ H H  84 4 H CH₃ H H H H  85 4 H H CH₃ H H H  86 4 H H H CH₃ H H  87 4 H H F H F H  88 4 H H H Cl CH₃ H  89 4 H H H C≡N H H  90 4 H H H I H H  91 4 H H H Cl H H  92 4 H H H H H Cl  93 4 H H H NO₂ H H  94 4 H H H H H H  95 4 H OCF₃ H H H H  96 4 H H OCF₃ H H H  97 4 H H H OCF₃ H H  99 4 H H H CH₃ CH₃ H 100 4 H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 101 4 H H H CH₃ Cl H 102 4 H Br H H H H 103 4 H H Br H H H 104 4 H H H Br H H 105 2 H H H CF₃ H H 106 3 H H H CF₃ H H 107 4 H H H CF₃ H H 108 4 H CF₃ H H H H 109 4 H H CF₃ H H H 110 4 CH₃ H H H H H 111 4 CH₃ Cl H H H H 112 4 CH₃ H Cl H H H 113 4 CH₃ H H Cl H H 114 4 CH₃ F H H H H 115 4 CH₃ H F H H H 116 4 CH₃ H H F H H 117 4 CH₃ Cl Cl H H H 118 4 CH₃ Cl H Cl H H 119 4 CH₃ Cl H H Cl H 120 4 CH₃ Cl H H H Cl 121 4 CH₃ H Cl Cl H H 122 4 CH₃ H Cl H Cl H 123 4 CH₃ F H Cl H H 124 4 CH₃ H C(CH₃)₃ H H H 125 4 CH₃ H H C(CH₃)₃ H H 126 4 CH₃ CH₃ H H H H 127 4 CH₃ H CH₃ H H H 128 4 CH₃ H H CH₃ H H 129 4 CH₃ CF₃ H H H H 130 4 CH₃ H CF₃ H H H 131 4 CH₃ H H CF₃ H H 132 4 CH₃ OCF₃ H H H H 133 4 CH₃ H OCF₃ H H H 134 4 CH₃ H H OCF₃ H H 135 4 CH₃ H H SO₂CHF₂ H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷— to form a fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-D

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 136 4 H H H H H H H H 137 4 H Cl H H H H H H 138 4 H H Cl H H H H H 139 4 H H H Cl H H H H 140 4 H H H H Cl H H H 141 4 H H H H H Cl H H 142 4 H H H H H H Cl H 143 4 H H H H H H H Cl Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷— to form a fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-E

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 144 4 H H H H H H H H 145 4 H Cl H H H H H H 146 4 H H Cl H H H H H 147 4 H H H Cl H H H H 148 4 H H H H Cl H H H 149 4 H H H H H Cl H H 150 4 H H H H H H Cl H 151 4 H H H H H H H Cl Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —CH₂CR²⁴CR²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-F

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 152 4 H H H H CH₃ CH₃ 153 4 H Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 154 4 H H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 155 4 H H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 156 4 H Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 157 4 H H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 158 4 H H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 159 4 H H H H H H 160 4 H Cl H H H H 161 4 H H Cl H H H 162 4 H H H Cl H H 163 4 H Br H H H H 164 4 H H Br H H H 165 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —OCR²⁴CR²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-G

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 166 4 H H H H CH₃ CH₃ 167 4 H Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 168 4 H H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 169 4 H H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 170 4 H Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 171 4 H H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 172 4 H H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 173 4 H H H H F F 174 4 H Cl H H F F 175 4 H H Cl H F F 176 4 H H H Cl F F 177 4 H Br H H F F 178 4 H H Br H F F 179 4 H H H Br F F 180 4 H H H H H H 181 4 H Cl H H H H 182 4 H H Cl H H H 183 4 H H H Cl H H 184 4 H Br H H H H 185 4 H H Br H H H 186 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-H

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 187 4 H H H H CH₃ CH₃ 188 4 H Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 189 4 H H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 190 4 H H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 191 4 H Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 192 4 H H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 193 4 H H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 194 4 H H H H F F 195 4 H Cl H H F F 196 4 H H Cl H F F 197 4 H H H Cl F F 198 4 H Br H H F F 199 4 H H Br H F F 200 4 H H H Br F F 201 4 H H H H H H 202 4 H Cl H H H H 203 4 H H Cl H H H 204 4 H H H Cl H H 205 4 H Br H H H H 206 4 H H Br H H H 207 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-J

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 208 4 H H H H H H H H 209 4 H Cl H H H H H H 210 4 H H Cl H H H H H 211 4 H H H Cl H H H H 212 4 H Br H H H H H H 213 4 H H Br H H H H H 214 4 H H H Br H H H H 215 4 H H H H F F F F 216 4 H Cl H H F F F F 217 4 H H Cl H F F F F 218 4 H H H Cl F F F F 219 4 H Br H H F F F F 220 4 H H Br H F F F F 221 4 H H H Br F F F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-K

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 222 4 H H H H H H H H 223 4 H Cl H H H H H H 224 4 H H Cl H H H H H 225 4 H H H Cl H H H H 226 4 H Br H H H H H H 227 4 H H Br H H H H H 228 4 H H H Br H H H H 229 4 H H H H F F F F 230 4 H Cl H H F F F F 231 4 H H Cl H F F F F 232 4 H H H Cl F F F F 233 4 H Br H H F F F F 234 4 H H Br H F F F F 235 4 H H H Br F F F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —NCR²⁴S— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-L

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ 236 4 H H H H H 237 4 H Cl H H H 238 4 H H Cl H H 239 4 H H H Cl H 240 4 H Br H H H 241 4 H H Br H H 242 4 H H H Br H 243 4 H H H H CH₃ 244 4 H Cl H H CH₃ 245 4 H H Cl H CH₃ 246 4 H H H Cl CH₃ 247 4 H Br H H CH₃ 248 4 H H Br H CH₃ 249 4 H H H Br CH₃ 250 4 H H H H CF₃ 251 4 H Cl H H CF₃ 252 4 H H Cl H CF₃ 253 4 H H H Cl CF₃ 254 4 H Br H H CF₃ 255 4 H H Br H CF₃ 256 4 H H H Br CF₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹² through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-M

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 257 4 H H H H H 258 4 H Cl H H H 259 4 H H Cl H H 260 4 H H H Cl H 261 4 H H H H Cl 262 4 H CF₃ H H H 263 4 H H CF₃ H H 264 4 H H H CF₃ H 265 4 H H H H CF₃ 266 4 H CH₃ H H H 267 4 H H CH₃ H H 268 4 H H H CH₃ H 269 4 H H H H CH₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹³ and R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-N

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁵ 270 4 H H H H H 271 4 H Cl H H H 272 4 H H Cl H H 273 4 H H H Cl H 274 4 H H H H Cl 275 4 H CF₃ H H H 276 4 H H CF₃ H H 277 4 H H H CF₃ H 278 4 H H H H CF₃ 279 4 H CH₃ H H H 280 4 H H CH₃ H H 281 4 H H H CH₃ H 282 4 H H H H CH₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-O

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 283 4 H H H H H 284 4 H Cl H H H 285 4 H H Cl H H 286 4 H CF₃ H H H 287 4 H H CF₃ H H 288 4 H CH₃ H H H 289 4 H H CH₃ H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-P

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 290 4 H H H H H 291 4 H H C(CH₃)₃ H H 292 4 H C(CH₃)₃ H H H 293 4 H H CF₃ H H 294 4 Cl H H H H 295 4 Cl Cl H H H 296 4 Cl H Cl H H 297 4 Cl H H Cl H 298 4 Cl H H H Cl 299 4 H Cl H Cl H 300 4 H H Cl H H 301 4 OCF₃ H H H H 302 4 H OCF₃ H H H 303 4 H H OCF₃ H H 304 4 H CF₃ H H H 305 4 CF₃ H H H H 306 4 H Cl Cl H H 307 4 H H H H H 308 2 H Cl H H H 309 3 H Cl H H H 310 4 H Cl H H H 311 5 H Cl H H H 312 4 CH₃ H H H H 313 4 H CH₃ H H H 314 4 H H CH₃ H H 315 4 Br H H H H 316 4 H Br H H H 317 4 H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷— to form a fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-Q

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 318 4 H H H H H H H 319 4 Cl H H H H H H 320 4 H Cl H H H H H 321 4 H H Cl H H H H 322 4 H H H Cl H H H 323 4 H H H H Cl H H 324 4 H H H H H Cl H 325 4 H H H H H H Cl Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷— to form a fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-R

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 326 4 H H H H H H H 327 4 Cl H H H H H H 328 4 H Cl H H H H H 329 4 H H Cl H H H H 330 4 H H H Cl H H H 331 4 H H H H Cl H H 332 4 H H H H H Cl H 333 4 H H H H H H Cl Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-S

Cmpd. No b R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 334 5 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 335 4 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 336 3 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 337 2 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 338 4 H H H H H 339 4 Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 340 4 H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 341 4 H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 342 4 F H H CH₃ CH₃ 343 4 H F H CH₃ CH₃ 344 4 H H F CH₃ CH₃ 345 4 Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 346 4 H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 347 4 H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 348 4 CH₃ H H CH₃ CH₃ 349 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ CH₃ 350 4 H H CH₃ CH₃ CH₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-T

Cmpd. No b R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 351 4 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 352 4 Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 353 4 H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 354 4 H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 355 4 Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 356 4 H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 357 4 H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 358 4 H H H H H 359 4 Cl H H H H 360 4 H Cl H H H 361 4 H H Cl H H 362 4 Br H H H H 363 4 H Br H H H 364 4 H H Br H H 365 4 H H H F F 366 4 Cl H H F F 367 4 H Cl H F F 368 4 H H Cl F F 369 4 Br H H F F 370 4 H Br H F F 371 4 H H Br F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-U

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ 372 4 H H H CH₃ CH₃ 373 4 Cl H H CH₃ CH₃ 374 4 H Cl H CH₃ CH₃ 375 4 H H Cl CH₃ CH₃ 376 4 Br H H CH₃ CH₃ 377 4 H Br H CH₃ CH₃ 378 4 H H Br CH₃ CH₃ 379 4 H H H H H 380 4 Cl H H H H 381 4 H Cl H H H 382 4 H H Cl H H 383 4 Br H H H H 384 4 H Br H H H 385 4 H H Br H H 386 4 H H H F F 387 4 Cl H H F F 388 4 H Cl H F F 389 4 H H Cl F F 390 4 Br H H F F 391 4 H Br H F F 392 4 H H Br F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-V

Cmpd. No b R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 393 4 H H H H H H H 394 4 Cl H H H H H H 395 4 H Cl H H H H H 396 4 H H Cl H H H H 397 4 Br H H H H H H 398 4 H Br H H H H H 399 4 H H Br H H H H 400 4 H H H F F F F 401 4 Cl H H F F F F 402 4 H Cl H F F F F 403 4 H H Cl F F F F 404 4 Br H H F F F F 405 4 H Br H F F F F 406 4 H H Br F F F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹³ and R¹⁴ are taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-W

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁵ R²⁴ R²⁵ R²⁶ R²⁷ 407 4 H H H H H H H 408 4 Cl H H H H H H 409 4 H Cl H H H H H 410 4 H H Cl H H H H 411 4 Br H H H H H H 412 4 H Br H H H H H 413 4 H H Br H H H H 414 4 H H H F F F F 415 4 Cl H H F F F F 416 4 H Cl H F F F F 417 4 H H Cl F F F F 418 4 Br H H F F F F 419 4 H Br H F F F F 420 4 H H Br F F F F Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵, and R¹¹ and R¹² are taken together with —NCR²⁴S— to form a benzo-fused ring; providing the following compounds: I-X

Cmpd. No b R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁴ 421 4 H H H H 422 4 Cl H H H 423 4 H Cl H H 424 4 H H Cl H 425 4 Br H H H 426 4 H Br H H 427 4 H H Br H 428 4 H H H CH₃ 429 4 Cl H H CH₃ 430 4 H Cl H CH₃ 431 4 H H Cl CH₃ 432 4 Br H H CH₃ 433 4 H Br H CH₃ 434 4 H H Br CH₃ 435 4 H H H CF₃ 436 4 Cl H H CF₃ 437 4 H Cl H CF₃ 438 4 H H Cl CF₃ 439 4 Br H H CF₃ 440 4 H Br H CF₃ 441 4 H H Br CF₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹² through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-Y

Cmpd. No b R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 442 4 H H H H 443 4 Cl H H H 444 4 H Cl H H 445 4 H H Cl H 446 4 H H H Cl 447 4 CF₃ H H H 448 4 H CF₃ H H 449 4 H H CF₃ H 450 4 H H H CF₃ 451 4 CH₃ H H H 452 4 H CH₃ H H 453 4 H H CH₃ H 454 4 H H H CH₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹³and R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-Z

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁵ 455 4 H H H H 456 4 Cl H H H 457 4 H Cl H H 458 4 H H Cl H 459 4 H H H Cl 460 4 CF₃ H H H 461 4 H CF₃ H H 462 4 H H CF₃ H 463 4 H H H CF₃ 464 4 CH₃ H H H 465 4 H CH₃ H H 466 4 H H CH₃ H 467 4 H H H CH₃ Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c and d are 0; X is heteroaryl substituted with R¹¹, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-AA

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 468 4 H H H H 469 4 Cl H H H 470 4 H Cl H H 471 4 CF₃ H H H 472 4 H CF₃ H H 473 4 CH₃ H H H 474 4 H CH₃ H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —CR²⁰═N—; c is 1 and d is 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-BB

Cmpd. No b R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 475 4 H H H H H H 476 4 H Cl H H H H 477 4 H H Cl H H H 478 4 H H H Cl H H 479 4 H Cl Cl H H H 480 4 H Cl H Cl H H 481 4 H Cl H H Cl H 482 4 H Cl H H H Cl 483 4 H H Cl Cl H H 484 4 H H Cl H Cl H 485 4 H CF₃ H H H H 486 4 H H CF₃ H H H 487 4 H H H CF₃ H H 488 4 H OCF₃ H H H H 489 4 H H OCF₃ H H H 490 4 H H H OCF₃ H H 491 4 H CH₃ H H H H 492 4 H H CH₃ H H H 493 4 H H H CH₃ H H 494 4 H CH₃ CH₃ H H H 495 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ H H 496 4 H CH₃ H H CH₃ H 497 4 H CH₃ H H H CH₃ 498 4 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H 499 4 H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 500 4 H F H H H H 501 4 H H F H H H 502 4 H H H F H H 503 4 H F F H H H 504 4 H F H F H H 505 4 H F H H F H 506 4 H F H H H F 507 4 H H F F H H 508 4 H H F H F H 509 4 H Br H H H H 510 4 H H Br H H H 511 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═N—; c is 1 and d is 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-CC

Cmpd. No B R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 512 4 H H H H H 513 4 Cl H H H H 514 4 H Cl H H H 515 4 H H Cl H H 516 4 Cl Cl H H H 517 4 Cl H Cl H H 518 4 Cl H H Cl H 519 4 Cl H H H Cl 520 4 H Cl Cl H H 521 4 H Cl H Cl H 522 2 Cl H H H H 523 3 Cl H H H H 524 4 CH₃ H H H H 525 4 H CH₃ H H H 526 4 H H CH₃ H H 527 4 CF₃ H H H H 528 4 H CF₃ H H H 529 4 H H CF₃ H H 530 4 OCF₃ H H H H 531 4 H OCF₃ H H H 532 4 H H OCF₃ H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸, R⁹, R¹⁰ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═CR²⁰—; c is 1 and d is 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-DD

Cmpd. No B R²⁰ R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 533 4 H H H H H H 534 4 H Cl H H H H 535 4 H H Cl H H H 536 3 H H H Cl H H 537 4 H H H Cl H H 538 4 H Cl Cl H H H 539 4 H Cl H Cl H H 540 4 H Cl H H Cl H 541 4 H Cl H H H Cl 542 4 H H Cl Cl H H 543 4 H H Cl H Cl H 544 4 H CF₃ H H H H 545 4 H H CF₃ H H H 546 4 H H H CF₃ H H 547 3 H H H CF₃ H H 548 2 H H H CF₃ H H 549 4 H OCF₃ H H H H 550 4 H H OCF₃ H H H 551 4 H H H OCF₃ H H 552 4 H CH₃ H H H H 553 4 H H CH₃ H H H 554 4 H H H CH₃ H H 555 4 H CH₃ CH₃ H H H 556 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ H H 557 4 H CH₃ H H CH₃ H 558 4 H CH₃ H H H CH₃ 559 4 H H CH₃ CH₃ H H 560 4 H H CH₃ H CH₃ H 561 4 H F H H H H 562 4 H H F H H H 563 4 H H H F H H 564 4 H F F H H H 565 4 H F H F H H 566 4 H F H H F H 567 4 H F H H H F 568 4 H H F F H H 569 4 H H F H F H 570 4 H Br H H H H 571 4 H H Br H H H 572 4 H H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸, R²⁰, R²¹ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is *—CR²⁰R²¹C(═O)—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-EE

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 573 4 H H H H H 574 4 Cl H H H H 575 4 H Cl H H H 576 4 H H Cl H H 577 4 Cl Cl H H H 578 4 Cl H Cl H H 579 4 Cl H H Cl H 580 4 Cl H H H Cl 581 4 H Cl Cl H H 582 4 H Cl H Cl H 583 4 CF₃ H H H H 584 4 H CF₃ H H H 585 4 H H CF₃ H H 586 4 OCF₃ H H H H 587 4 H OCF₃ H H H 588 4 H H OCF₃ H H 589 4 CH₃ H H H H 590 4 H CH₃ H H H 591 4 H H CH₃ H H 592 4 CH₃ CH₃ H H H 593 4 CH₃ H CH₃ H H 594 4 CH₃ H H CH₃ H 595 4 CH₃ H H H CH₃ 596 4 H CH₃ CH₃ H H 597 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ H 598 4 F H H H H 599 4 H F H H H 600 4 H H F H H 601 4 F F H H H 602 4 F H F H H 603 4 F H H F H 604 4 F H H H F 605 4 H F F H H 606 4 H F H F H 607 4 Br H H H H 608 4 H Br H H H 609 4 H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —C(═O)C(═O)—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-FF

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 610 4 H H H H H 611 4 Cl H H H H 612 4 H Cl H H H 613 4 H H Cl H H 614 4 Cl Cl H H H 615 4 Cl H Cl H H 616 4 Cl H H Cl H 617 4 Cl H H H Cl 618 4 H Cl Cl H H 619 4 H Cl H Cl H 620 4 CF₃ H H H H 621 4 H CF₃ H H H 622 4 H H CF₃ H H 623 4 OCF₃ H H H H 624 4 H OCF₃ H H H 625 4 H H OCF₃ H H 626 4 CH₃ H H H H 627 4 H CH₃ H H H 628 4 H H CH₃ H H 629 4 CH₃ CH₃ H H H 630 4 CH₃ H CH₃ H H 631 4 CH₃ H H CH₃ H 632 4 CH₃ H H H CH₃ 633 4 H CH₃ CH₃ H H 634 4 H CH₃ H CH₃ H 635 4 F H H H H 636 4 H F H H H 637 4 H H F H H 638 4 F F H H H 639 4 F H F H H 640 4 F H H F H 641 4 F H H H F 642 4 H F F H H 643 4 H F H F H 644 4 Br H H H H 645 4 H Br H H H 646 4 H H Br H H Where R¹, R², R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R, R³, R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; E is —N═CR²⁰C(═O)—; c and d are 0; X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-GG

Cmpd. No b R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ R²⁰ 647 4 H Cl Cl H H H 648 4 Cl H Cl H H H 649 4 H Cl H Cl H 650 4 H Cl H H H H 651 4 H H Cl H H H 652 4 Cl H H H H H 653 4 F H F H H H 654 4 H OCH₃ Cl H H H 655 4 H H OCH₃ H H H 656 4 H H OCF₂H H H H 657 4 H H H H H H Where R, R³, R⁴ R⁷, R⁸ are hydrogen; R¹, R², R⁵ and R⁶ are chlorine; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B and G are O, a is 1, and D is O; c and d are 0, X is aryl substituted with R¹¹ through R¹⁵; providing the following compounds: I-HH

Cmpd. No b E R¹¹ R¹² R¹³ R¹⁴ R¹⁵ 658 4 *—N═CH— H F H F H 659 4 —CH═CH— H H H N(O⁺)O⁻ H 660 4 *—N═CH— H Cl Cl H H 661 4 —N═N— H Cl H H H *denotes attachment at 2 in formula I-HH

The following table sets forth physical characterizing data for certain compounds of formula I of the present invention. The test compounds of formula I are identified by numbers that correspond to those in Table 1:

TABLE 2 Phenylalkyl Substituted Cyclic Urea Derivatives - Compound Characterization Melting Point (° C.) Melting Point (° C.) of Solids or of Solids or Cmpd. Physical Cmpd. Emperical Physical No. Emperical Formulae State No. Formulae State 4 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₅N₂O₃ Liquid 41 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₃ Solid 75 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₃ Oil 76 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₃ Oil 80 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₃ Oil 81 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₃ Oil 83 C₂₅H₂₇Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 86 C₂₂H₂₁Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 88 C₂₂H₂₀Cl₅N₃O₃ Oil 87 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₄F₂N₃O₃ Oil 89 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₄N₄O₃ Oil 90 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₄IN₃O₃ Oil 91 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₃ Oil 92 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₃ Oil 93 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₄N₄O₅ Oil 94 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 97 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₄F₃N₃O₄ Oil 99 C₂₃H₂₃Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 100 C₂₃H₂₃Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 101 C₂₂H₂₀Cl₅N₃O₃ Oil 104 C₂₁H₁₈BrCl₄N₃O₃ Oil 105 C₂₀H₁₄Cl₄F₃N₃O₃ Oil 106 C₂₁H₁₆Cl₄F₃N₃O₃ Oil 107 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₄F₃N₃O₃ Solid; mp 84-86° C. 110 C₂₂H₂₁Cl₄N₃O₃ Liquid 113 C₂₂H₂₀Cl₅N₃O₃ Solid 114 C₂₂H₂₀Cl₄FN₃O₃ Liquid 118 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₆N₃O₃ Oil 123 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₅FN₃O₃ Oil 125 C₂₆H₂₉Cl₄N₃O₃ Oil 131 C₂₃H₂₀Cl₄F₃N₃O₃ Oil 135 C₂₃H₂₁Cl₄F₂N₃O₅S Oil 291 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 293 C₂₄H₂₆Cl₄N₄O₃ Liquid 299 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₄F₃N₄O₃ Solid; mp 66-67° C. 300 C₂₀H₁₆Cl₆N₄O₃ Liquid 303 C₂₀H₁₇Cl₅N₄O₃ Solid; mp 72-74° C. 304 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₄F₃N₄O₄ Solid; mp 83-84° C. 306 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₄F₃N₄O₃ Oil 307 C₂₀H₁₆Cl₆N₄O₃ Solid; mp 70-72° C. 308 C₂₀H₁₈Cl₄N₄O₃ Liquid 309 C₁₈H₁₃Cl₅N₄O₃ Oil 311 C₁₉H₁₅Cl₅N₄O₃ Oil 335 C₂₄H₂₄Cl₄N₄O₄ Liquid 487 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₅N₄O₃ Solid 512 C₂₁H₂₀Cl₄N₄O₃ Liquid 513 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 514 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 515 C₂₁H₁₉Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 517 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₆N₄O₃ Liquid 520 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₆N₄O₃ Liquid 521 C₂₁H₁₈Cl₆N₄O₃ Liquid 522 C₁₉H₁₅Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 523 C₂₀H₁₇Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 536 C₂₁H₂₀Cl₄N₄O₄ Liquid 546 C₂₀H₁₆Cl₆N₄O₃ Liquid 547 C₂₀H₁₇Cl₅N₄O₃ Solid; mp 73-74° C. 548 C₂₀H₁₇Cl₅N₄O₃ Liquid 576 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₅N₂O₄ Oil 613 C₂₂H₁₇Cl₅N₂O₅ Oil 647 C₂₂H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₄ Oil 648 C₂₂H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₄ Oil 649 C₂₂H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₄ Oil 650 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₄ Oil 651 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₄ Oil 652 C₂₂H₁₈Cl₅N₃O₄ Oil 653 C₂₂H₁₇Cl₄F₂N₃O₄ Oil 654 C₂₃H₂₀Cl₅N₃O₅ Oil 655 C₂₃H₂₁Cl₄N₃O₅ Oil 656 C₂₃H₁₉Cl₄F₂N₃O₅ Oil 657 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₄N₃O₄ Oil 658 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₄F₂N₃O₃ Oil 659 C₂₂H₁₉Cl₄N₃O₅ Oil 660 C₂₁H₁₇Cl₆N₃O₃ Oil 661 C₂₀H₁₇Cl₅N₄O₃ Oil

Candidate insecticides were evaluated for activity against the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens [Fabricius]) in a surface-treated diet test.

In this test one mL of molten (65-70° C.) wheat germ-based artificial diet was pipetted into each well of a four by six (24 well) multi-well plate (ID# 430345-15.5 mm dia.×17.6 mm deep; Corning Costar Corp., One Alewife Center, Cambridge, Mass. 02140). The diet was allowed to cool to ambient temperature before treatment with candidate insecticide.

For a determination of insecticidal activity, solutions of the candidate insecticides were prepared for testing using a Packard 204DT Multiprobe® Robotic System (Packard Instrument Company, 800 Research Parkway, Meriden, Conn. 06450), in which the robot first diluted a standard 50 millimolar DMSO solution of candidate insecticide with a 1:1 water/acetone solution (V/V) in a ratio of 1:7 stock solution to water/acetone. The robot subsequently pipetted 40 microliters of the so-prepared solution onto the surface of the diet in each of three wells in the 24 multi-well plate. The process was repeated with solutions of seven other candidate insecticides. Once treated, the contents of the multi-well plate were allowed to dry, leaving 0.25 millimoles of candidate insecticide on the surface of the diet, or a concentration of 0.25 millimolar. Appropriate untreated controls containing only DMSO on the diet surface were also included in this test.

For evaluations of the insecticidal activity of a candidate insecticide at varying rates of application, the test was established as described above using sub-multiples of the standard 50 millimolar DMSO solution of candidate insecticide. For example, the standard 50 millimolar solution was diluted by the robot with DMSO to give 5, 0.5, 0.05, 0.005, 0.0005 millimolar, or more dilute solutions of the candidate insecticide. In these evaluations there were six replicates of each rate of application placed on the surface of the diet in the 24 multi-well plate, for a total of four rates of application of candidate insecticide in each plate.

In each well of the test plate was placed one second instar tobacco budworm larvea, each weighing approximately five milligrams. After the larvae were placed in each well, the plate was sealed with clear polyfilm adhesive tape. The tape over each well was perforated to ensure an adequate air supply. The plates were then held in a growth chamber at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity for five days (light 14 hours/day).

After the five-day exposure period insecticidal activity for each rate of application of candidate insecticide was assessed as percent inhibition of insect weight relative to the weight of insects from untreated controls, and percent mortality when compared to the total number of insects infested.

Insecticidal activity data at selected rates of application from this test are provided in Table 3. The test compounds of formula I are identified by numbers that correspond to those in Table 1.

TABLE 3 Insecticidal Activity of Certain Phenylalkyl Substituted Cyclic Urea Derivatives When Applied to the Surface of the Diet of Tobacco Budworm (Heliothis virescens [Fabricius]) Percent Percent Cmpd. Percent Growth Cmpd. Percent Growth No. Mortality Inhibition No. Mortality Inhibition 4 100 100 41 100 100 75 100 100 76 100 100 80 100 100 81 100 100 83 100 100 86 100 100 88 100 100 87 100 100 89 100 100 90 100 100 91 100 100 92 100 100 93 100 100 94 100 100 97 100 100 99 100 100 100 100 100 101 100 100 104 100 100 105 100 100 106 100 100 107 100 100 110 100 100 113 100 100 114 100 100 118 100 100 123 100 100 125 100 100 131 100 100 135 100 100 291 100 100 293 100 100 299 100 100 300 100 100 303 100 100 304 100 100 306 100 100 307 100 100 308 100 100 309 100 100 311 100 335 100 100 487 100 100 512 100 100 513 100 100 514 100 100 515 100 100 517 100 100 520 0 58 521 100 100 522 50 100 523 100 100 536 100 100 546 100 100 547 100 100 548 100 100 576 100 100 613 100 100 647 100 100 648 100 100 649 100 100 650 100 100 651 100 100 652 100 100 653 100 100 654 100 100 655 100 100 656 100 100 657 100 100 658 100 100 659 100 100 660 100 100 661 100 100 Concentration of the candidate insecticide on the surface of the diet is 0.25 millimolar

As set forth in Table 3, all of the compounds of the present invention tested, except compound 25, provided 100% mortality and 100% growth inhibition of the tobacco budworm.

While this invention has been described with an emphasis upon preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that variations of the preferred embodiments may be used and that it is intended that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. 

1. A compound of formula I

where R and R³ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkylthio, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylthio, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro; optionally substituted amino wherein the optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl; optionally substituted imidazolyl, optionally substituted imidazolinyl, optionally substituted oxazolinyl, optionally substituted oxazolyl, optionally substituted oxadiazolyl, optionally substituted thiazolyl, optionally substituted pyrazolyl, optionally substituted triazolyl, optionally substituted furanyl, optionally substituted tetrahydrofuranyl, optionally substituted dioxolanyl, optionally substituted dioxanyl, —C(═K)-L, and —C(R¹⁶)-M-R¹⁷, wherein the optional substituent is selected from (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halogen, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₅)alkenyl, (C₂-C₅)alkynyl, cyano, nitro and aryl; where K is selected from O, S, NR¹⁸, and NOR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, aryl and aryl(C₁-C₄)alkyl; L is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino and di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino; M is selected from O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously described; R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, or R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may be taken together with -Q(CHR¹⁸)_(e)—, where e is an integer of 2 to 4; Q is selected from O, S, and NR¹⁸, where R¹⁸ is as previously described; R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and (C₁-C₃)alkyl; A is selected from O, S, *OCH₂ and (CH₂)_(f) where the asterisk denotes attachment to B, and f is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3; B is selected from selected from CH₂, O, S and NR¹⁹ where R¹⁹ is selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylphosphonate, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl and (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl; provided that A and B are not simultaneously O or S; R⁴ is hydrogen; R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from halogen; a is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and when a is 1, D is O, CH₂, OCH₂, CH₂O, OCH═CH, C(═O), S(O)_(g), —CH═CH—, —OC(═O)—, —OC(═O)NH—, —NHC(═O)—, —NHSO₂—, —N═CH—, NR¹⁹, or N(oxide)R¹⁹ where R¹⁹ is as previously described, and g is an integer selected from 0, 1 or 2; b is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and when b is 1 or more, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl and aryl; E is a bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═CR²¹—, *—CR²⁰═N—, *—N═CR²⁰—, —N═N—, *—C(═O)CR²⁰R²¹—, *—CR²⁰R²¹C(═O)—, —(CR²⁰R²¹)_(n)—, *—N═CR²⁰C(═O)—, *—C(═O)CR²⁰═N—, *—C(═O)NR²⁰—, *—NR²⁰C(═O)—, *—CR²⁰═CR²¹C(═O)—, *—C(═O)CR²¹═CR²⁰—, —CR²⁰R²¹OCR²²R²³—, —C(═O)C(═O)—, *—S(O)_(g)CR²⁰R²¹—, *—S(O)_(g)NR²⁰—, *—OCR²²R²³—, *—CR²²R²³O— and —C(═O)— where the asterisk denotes attachment at the position designated as I in formula I, g is as previously described, n is an integer selected from 2, 3, and 4, and R through R²³, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl, nitro, cyano, amino, (C₁-C₄)alkylamino and aryl; and R²⁰ through R²³ in geminal positions may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or 7-membered spiro rings comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, or R²⁰ through R²³ in adjacent positions may be taken together to form 5-, 6- or 7-membered rings comprised of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen or a benzo-fused ring; G is selected from O, S, N-Q, or C-Q, where Q is cyano or nitro; c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and when c is 1 or more, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy and aryl; d is an integer selected from 0 or 1; and, when d is 1, J is selected from O, CH═CH, S(O)_(g), HC═N, C(═O), OC(═O), C(═O)O, C(═O)NH, NR¹⁹, N(oxide)R¹⁹ and NR¹⁹C(═O) where g and R¹⁹ are as previously described; X is selected from a substituted aryl or a substituted heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyl, (C₂-C₄)alkynyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyclo(C₃-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyl, halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C_(-C) ₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy, (C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₂-C₄)alkenyloxy, halo(C₂-C₄)alkynyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylthio, pentahalothio, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylthio, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfinyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, cyano, nitro; NR^(c)R^(d), where R^(c) and R^(d) are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, and (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl, or where R^(c) and R^(d) may be taken together to form a 5- or 6-membered saturated or unsaturated ring containing carbon, O, N, or S; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyl, (C₁-C₆)alkylaminocarbonyloxy, tri(C₁-C₆)alkylsilyl, di(C₁-C₆)alkylphosphinoyl, aryl, aryloxy, and aryl(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; provided that when X is a substituted aryl having the following structure,

R¹¹ and R¹², or R¹² and R¹³, or R¹³ and R¹⁴ or R¹⁴ and R¹⁵ are taken together with —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CR²⁶R²⁷O—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH═CH—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂CH₂—, —OCR²⁴═N—, —N═CR²⁴—, —ON═CR²⁴—, —ONR²⁴C(═O)—, —CH₂NR²⁴C(═O)—, —C₃H₆—, —C₂H₄(C═O)—, —SCR²⁴═N—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵C(═O)—, —CR²⁴═CR²⁵NR²⁶—, —CR²⁴═NNR²⁵—, —N═NNR²⁴— or —N═CR²⁴N═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ through R²⁷, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and aryl; and agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.
 2. A compound of claim 1, wherein R and R³ are independently selected from halogen and (C₁-C₃)alkyl; A is (CH₂)_(f) where f is 1; B is O; R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from chlorine and bromine; a is an integer selected from 0 or 1, and when a is 1, D is selected from O, CH₂ and OCH₂; b is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and when b is 1 or more, R⁷ and R⁸ are each hydrogen; E is said bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═CR²¹—, *—CR²⁰═N—, *—N═CR²⁰— and —N═N—, where R²⁰ and R²¹ are independently selected from hydrogen and (C₁-C₄)alkyl; G is selected from O or S; c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, and when c is 1 or more, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are each hydrogen; d is an integer selected from 0 or 1, and when d is 1, J is selected from O, C(═O) and S(O)g where g is 2; X is said substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl; provided that when X is a substituted aryl having the following structure,

R¹¹ and R¹² or R¹³ and R¹⁴ may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —CH₂CR²⁴R²⁵O—, —CR²⁴═CR²⁵CR²⁶═CR²⁷—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴, R²⁵, R²⁶ and R²⁷ are each hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.
 3. A compound of claim 2, wherein R and R³ are each chlorine; R¹ and R² are each hydrogen; a is 1 and D is O; b is an integer selected from 2, 3 or 4; E is said bridging group selected from —CR²⁰═N—, —N═CR²⁰— or —N═N—, where R²⁰ is selected from hydrogen or methyl; G is O; c is an integer selected from 0 or 1; d is 0; and X is a substituted aryl have the following structure,

where R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₆)alkylsulfonyl, and where R¹¹ and R¹² may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂——OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ and R²⁵ are selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl.
 4. A compound of claim 3, wherein R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, 1,1-dimethylethyl, trifluoromethyl, and difluoromethylsulfonyl; and where R¹¹ and R¹² may be taken together with —OCR²⁴R²⁵CH₂—, —OCR²⁴R²⁵O— or —OCR²⁴═N— to form a fused ring, where R²⁴ and R²⁵ are each methyl or trifluoromethyl.
 5. A compound of claim 3, wherein R¹¹ through R¹⁵, inclusively, are independently selected from halogen or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl; E is —N═N— and b is
 4. 6. A compound of formula I-JJ

where R and R³ are independently selected from halogen and hydroxy; R¹ and R² are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen and (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R⁵ and R⁶ are independently selected from halogen; b is an integer selected from 2, 3 or 4; R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl; E is a bridging group selected from *—CR²⁰═N—, *—N═CR²⁰— and —N═N— where the asterisk denotes attachment at the position designated as 1 in formula I-JJ, and R²⁰ is selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₄)alkoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl; c is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and when c is 1 or more, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently selected from hydrogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl and (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; X is selected from a substituted aryl or a substituted heteroaryl, wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; and agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.
 7. A compound of formula I-KK

where E is a bridging group selected from *—CH═N—, *—N═CH— and —N═N— where the asterisk denotes attachment at the position designated as 1 in formula I-KK; X is selected from a substituted aryl wherein the substituents are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; and agriculturally-acceptable salts thereof.
 8. A composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of claim 1 and at least one agriculturally acceptable extender or adjuvant.
 9. A composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of claim 6 and at least one agriculturally acceptable extender or adjuvant.
 10. A composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of a compound of claim 7 and at least one agriculturally acceptable extender or adjuvant.
 11. The insecticidal composition of claim 8, further comprising one or more second compounds selected from the group consisting of pesticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners.
 12. The insecticidal composition of claim 9, further comprising one or more second compounds selected from the group consisting of pesticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners.
 13. The insecticidal composition of claim 10, further comprising one or more second compounds selected from the group consisting of pesticides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners.
 14. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 8 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.
 15. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 9 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.
 16. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 10 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.
 17. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 11 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.
 18. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 12 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present.
 19. A method of controlling insects, comprising applying an insecticidally effective amount of a composition of claim 13 to a locus where insects are present or are expected to be present. 